These tiny monsters may look like they are from another planet but they are in
fact creatures from our deepest oceans.
Picture: CRASSOUS/SPL/BARCROFT
Known as Polychaetes (bristle worms), they survive intense sea pressures where
sunlight never penetrates.
Picture: CRASSOUS/SPL/BARCROFT
Since the 1970s, scientists have revised their ideas about the deep ocean
floor.
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Instead of a barren wasteland, they have discovered diverse communities of
creatures that live on and around hydrothermal vents.
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Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the seafloor, usually found around quake
zones, volcanoes and the edges of tectonic plates.
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They release superheated water and a cocktail of chemicals that provide a home
for creatures like the scale worms.
Picture: CRASSOUS/SPL/BARCROFT
Scale worms crawl along the seafloor near a vent, using their vicious-looking
teeth to munch on the bacteria and simple organisms that thrive in the hot
water and chemical soup.
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The vent community gets its energy from chemistry rather than photosynthesis,
since no light reaches the depths.
Picture: CRASSOUS/SPL/BARCROFT
This leads to some bizarre relationships: the scale worms are hosts to
symbiotic bacteria that may be providing them with nutrients.
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Some scientists believe that the worms may rely on the bacteria to survive.
Picture: CRASSOUS/SPL/BARCROFT
They may be monsters from the deep, but their ability to survive in the deep
ocean makes scale worms fascinating to researchers like Daniel Desbruyeres,
a senior researcher at Ifremer, France. "The deep sea realm is one of the
most diverse habitats on Earth," he says, "yet our perception of it is still
in its infancy," he said.
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