Actively exploring the underwater world started relatively recently - in the middle of the last century. It was necessary to come up with sonar, scuba, submersibles, orbiting satellites ... How many surprises found on the deep sea! The diversity of life is staggering. Meet the ten most fascinating, strange, scary and rare fish that were found to mankind.
10. Ambon scorpionfish (born Ambon Scorpionfish, Lat. Pteroidichthys amboinensis). Opened in 1856. Easily identifiable by the huge "eyebrows" - specific build-up over the eyes. Is able to change color and fade. Waging a "guerrilla" hunt - masking the bottom and waiting for prey. Is not uncommon and fairly well understood, but its extravagant appearance is simply impossible not to note! (Roger Steene / Conservation International)
9. Psychedelic fish-frog (English Psychedelic Frogfish, Lat. Histiophryne psychedelica). Opened in 2009. A very unusual fish - tail fin is bent to one side, and the pectoral fins are modified similar to the legs of land animals. The head is large, wide-set eyes directed forward, as in vertebrates, so fish is a kind of "face." Color yellow or red fish with sinuous white-blue stripes radiating in all directions from the eyes of blue. Unlike other fish that swim, this kind of moves like jumping, pushing off from the bottom of the pectoral fins and pushing water out of the gill slits, creating reactive thrust. Fish tail bent to the side and not directly guide the movement of the body, because it varies from side to side. Also fish can crawl along the bottom with the pectoral fins, turning them as feet. (David Hall / EOL Rapid Response Team)
8. Ragman (born Leafy Seadragon, Lat. Phycodurus eques). Opened in 1865. The representatives of this species are unique in that all of their body and head are covered with spikes, simulating thallus algae. Although these processes and the like fins at sea, they do not take part, serve to mask (as in the hunt for shrimp and for protection from enemies). Inhabits the waters of the Indian Ocean surrounding the southern, south-eastern and south-western Australia and northern and eastern Tasmania. Feed on plankton, small shrimp, algae. Lacking teeth picker swallow whole. (Lecates / Flickr)
7. Moon-Fish (born Ocean Sunfish, Lat. Mola mola). Opened in 1758. Laterally compressed body is extremely high and short, which makes the fish very strange sight: it resembles a disk. The tail is very short, broad and truncated, dorsal, caudal and anal fins are connected. The skin of fish-moon is thick and elastic, covered with small bony tubercles. Often you can see the moon-fish lying on its side in the water. Adult amusement fish - a very poor swimmer, unable to overcome the strong current. Feed on plankton, and squid, eel larvae, salps, ctenophores and jellyfish. Can reach enormous size of several tens of meters and weighs 1.5 tons. (Franco Banfi)
6. Platyrrhine chimera (born Broadnose chimaera, Lat. Rhinochimaera atlantica). Opened in 1909. Absolutely disgusting-looking jelly fish. Lives on the deep bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and eats mollusks. Studied very poorly. (Jay Burnett, NOAA / NMFS / NEFSC)
5. Plaschenosets (born Frilled Shark, Lat. Chlamydoselachus anguineus). Opened in 1884. These sharks looks much more like a strange sea snake or eel, than their closest relatives. In plaschenosnoy shark gill openings, of which there are six on each side, covered by skin folds. In this case, the membrane first gill slit throat cross fish and joined together, forming a wide skin paddle. Along with the shark-houses is one of the rarest sharks in the world. We know no more than hundreds of copies of these fish. They are very poorly studied. (Awashima Marine Park / Getty Images)
4. Indonesian coelacanth (English Indonesian Coelacanth, Lat. Latimeria menadoensis). Opened in 1999. A living fossil, and probably the oldest fish in the world. Before the opening of the first members of the order tselikantov to which the coelacanth, it was considered completely extinct. Time of divergence of the two species of modern coelacanth is 30-40 million years old. In the living caught up to a dozen. (Pearson - Benjamin Cummings)
3. Hairy angler (born Hairy Angler, Lat. Caulophryne polynema). Opened in 1930. Very strange and scary fish that live at the bottom of the deep, where there is no sunlight - 1 km and deeper. Bait for deep sea dweller uses a glowing growth on the forehead, around the characteristic detachment udilschikoobraznyh. Due to the special metabolism and extremely sharp teeth, he can eat anything that gets in, even if the victim is at times more, and is also a predator. Propagated no less strange than it looks and feeds - because of extremely harsh conditions and scarcity of fish, the male (ten times lower for females) is attached to the flesh of his chosen and passes through all the necessary blood. (BBC)
2. Fish-drop (born Blobfish, Lat. Psychrolutes marcidus). Opened in 1926. Often mistaken for a joke. In fact, it is quite real kind of deep-sea benthic fish of the family psihrolyutovyh, which on the surface acquire a "jelly" look with the "sad look". Poorly understood, but it is enough to recognize it as one of the most bizarre. In the photo - a copy of the Australian Museum. (Kerryn Parkinson / Australian Museum)
1. Smallmouth makropinna (English, Latin. Macropinna microstoma) - winner of the quaint. Opened in 1939. Lives at a very great depth, so little studied. In particular, it is not clear was the principle of the fish. It was believed that she must be very great difficulties due to the fact that she sees only up. Only in 2009 was fully study the structure of the eye of the fish. Apparently, when trying to study it before the fish simply could not stand the pressure change. The most remarkable feature of this type is a transparent dome-shaped shell that covers her head with the top and sides, and large, usually upward, eyes cylindrical shape, which are under this cover. Dense and elastic covering sheath attached to the scales back from behind and on the sides - to the wide and transparent okologlaznyh bones that protect your eyes. This overarching framework is usually lost (or, at least, very much damaged) during the ascent to the surface of the fish in trawls and nets, so until recently its existence was known. Under the crusts are filled with a clear liquid chamber in which, in fact, are fish-eye and the eyes of live fish are colored bright green and separated by a thin bony septum, which extends the back, expands and holds the brain. In front of each eye, but behind the mouth, there is a large circular pocket, which contains olfactory receptor socket. That is to say that at first glance the photographs of live fish seems eyes, is actually the olfactory organ. The green color is caused by the presence of a specific yellow pigment. It is believed that this pigment provides a special filtering of light coming from the top, and lowers its brightness, which allows the fish to distinguish bioluminescence potential prey. (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)
10. Ambon scorpionfish (born Ambon Scorpionfish, Lat. Pteroidichthys amboinensis). Opened in 1856. Easily identifiable by the huge "eyebrows" - specific build-up over the eyes. Is able to change color and fade. Waging a "guerrilla" hunt - masking the bottom and waiting for prey. Is not uncommon and fairly well understood, but its extravagant appearance is simply impossible not to note! (Roger Steene / Conservation International)
9. Psychedelic fish-frog (English Psychedelic Frogfish, Lat. Histiophryne psychedelica). Opened in 2009. A very unusual fish - tail fin is bent to one side, and the pectoral fins are modified similar to the legs of land animals. The head is large, wide-set eyes directed forward, as in vertebrates, so fish is a kind of "face." Color yellow or red fish with sinuous white-blue stripes radiating in all directions from the eyes of blue. Unlike other fish that swim, this kind of moves like jumping, pushing off from the bottom of the pectoral fins and pushing water out of the gill slits, creating reactive thrust. Fish tail bent to the side and not directly guide the movement of the body, because it varies from side to side. Also fish can crawl along the bottom with the pectoral fins, turning them as feet. (David Hall / EOL Rapid Response Team)
8. Ragman (born Leafy Seadragon, Lat. Phycodurus eques). Opened in 1865. The representatives of this species are unique in that all of their body and head are covered with spikes, simulating thallus algae. Although these processes and the like fins at sea, they do not take part, serve to mask (as in the hunt for shrimp and for protection from enemies). Inhabits the waters of the Indian Ocean surrounding the southern, south-eastern and south-western Australia and northern and eastern Tasmania. Feed on plankton, small shrimp, algae. Lacking teeth picker swallow whole. (Lecates / Flickr)
7. Moon-Fish (born Ocean Sunfish, Lat. Mola mola). Opened in 1758. Laterally compressed body is extremely high and short, which makes the fish very strange sight: it resembles a disk. The tail is very short, broad and truncated, dorsal, caudal and anal fins are connected. The skin of fish-moon is thick and elastic, covered with small bony tubercles. Often you can see the moon-fish lying on its side in the water. Adult amusement fish - a very poor swimmer, unable to overcome the strong current. Feed on plankton, and squid, eel larvae, salps, ctenophores and jellyfish. Can reach enormous size of several tens of meters and weighs 1.5 tons. (Franco Banfi)
6. Platyrrhine chimera (born Broadnose chimaera, Lat. Rhinochimaera atlantica). Opened in 1909. Absolutely disgusting-looking jelly fish. Lives on the deep bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and eats mollusks. Studied very poorly. (Jay Burnett, NOAA / NMFS / NEFSC)
5. Plaschenosets (born Frilled Shark, Lat. Chlamydoselachus anguineus). Opened in 1884. These sharks looks much more like a strange sea snake or eel, than their closest relatives. In plaschenosnoy shark gill openings, of which there are six on each side, covered by skin folds. In this case, the membrane first gill slit throat cross fish and joined together, forming a wide skin paddle. Along with the shark-houses is one of the rarest sharks in the world. We know no more than hundreds of copies of these fish. They are very poorly studied. (Awashima Marine Park / Getty Images)
4. Indonesian coelacanth (English Indonesian Coelacanth, Lat. Latimeria menadoensis). Opened in 1999. A living fossil, and probably the oldest fish in the world. Before the opening of the first members of the order tselikantov to which the coelacanth, it was considered completely extinct. Time of divergence of the two species of modern coelacanth is 30-40 million years old. In the living caught up to a dozen. (Pearson - Benjamin Cummings)
3. Hairy angler (born Hairy Angler, Lat. Caulophryne polynema). Opened in 1930. Very strange and scary fish that live at the bottom of the deep, where there is no sunlight - 1 km and deeper. Bait for deep sea dweller uses a glowing growth on the forehead, around the characteristic detachment udilschikoobraznyh. Due to the special metabolism and extremely sharp teeth, he can eat anything that gets in, even if the victim is at times more, and is also a predator. Propagated no less strange than it looks and feeds - because of extremely harsh conditions and scarcity of fish, the male (ten times lower for females) is attached to the flesh of his chosen and passes through all the necessary blood. (BBC)
2. Fish-drop (born Blobfish, Lat. Psychrolutes marcidus). Opened in 1926. Often mistaken for a joke. In fact, it is quite real kind of deep-sea benthic fish of the family psihrolyutovyh, which on the surface acquire a "jelly" look with the "sad look". Poorly understood, but it is enough to recognize it as one of the most bizarre. In the photo - a copy of the Australian Museum. (Kerryn Parkinson / Australian Museum)
1. Smallmouth makropinna (English, Latin. Macropinna microstoma) - winner of the quaint. Opened in 1939. Lives at a very great depth, so little studied. In particular, it is not clear was the principle of the fish. It was believed that she must be very great difficulties due to the fact that she sees only up. Only in 2009 was fully study the structure of the eye of the fish. Apparently, when trying to study it before the fish simply could not stand the pressure change. The most remarkable feature of this type is a transparent dome-shaped shell that covers her head with the top and sides, and large, usually upward, eyes cylindrical shape, which are under this cover. Dense and elastic covering sheath attached to the scales back from behind and on the sides - to the wide and transparent okologlaznyh bones that protect your eyes. This overarching framework is usually lost (or, at least, very much damaged) during the ascent to the surface of the fish in trawls and nets, so until recently its existence was known. Under the crusts are filled with a clear liquid chamber in which, in fact, are fish-eye and the eyes of live fish are colored bright green and separated by a thin bony septum, which extends the back, expands and holds the brain. In front of each eye, but behind the mouth, there is a large circular pocket, which contains olfactory receptor socket. That is to say that at first glance the photographs of live fish seems eyes, is actually the olfactory organ. The green color is caused by the presence of a specific yellow pigment. It is believed that this pigment provides a special filtering of light coming from the top, and lowers its brightness, which allows the fish to distinguish bioluminescence potential prey. (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)
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