Gunners news: Indonesia 0-7 Arsenal

 Giroud, Podolski & Walcott on target in emphatic friendly win

The Gunners notched six second-half goals to produce a flattering scoreline as Chuba Akpom, Kristoffer Olsson and Thomas Eisfeld all also got themselves of the scoresheet

Fine work from Alex Oxlade Chamberlain saw the England international open the scoring before Chuba Akpom, Giroud, Podolski, Kristoffer Olsson and Thomas Eisfeld underlined the Gunners' dominance in the second half.

Arsene Wenger opted for a mixture of experience and youth for his first team selection of the 2013-14 season, with the likes of Mikel Arteta and Walcott playing alongside Serge Gnabry and Akpom in midfield and attack, respectively.

In a typically slow start to proceedings for a pre-season friendly, the Premier League side looked the more threatening, with Akpom, Kieran Gibbs and Aaron Ramsey all going close early on but all failing to test goalkeeper Kurnia Meiga.But it did not take long for Arsenal to break the deadlock, with Oxlade-Chamberlain pouncing on hesitation in the Indonesia defence to storm forward into the penalty area before sliding the ball into the path of the onrushing Walcott to calmly sidefoot past Meiga on the 15-minute mark.

The visitors nearly doubled their lead moments later when Ramsey and Akpom combined to force a corner, before the midfielder nearly fortuitously found the back of the net via Indonesia defender Ruben Sanadi only for the ball to flash past the post.

Again Akpom went close just past the half-hour mark when Carl Jenkinson made tracks down the right flank and whipped in a fine cross towards the six-yard box that evaded the striker before Gibbs should have perhaps down better when hitting the side netting from 18 yards.

As the first half drew to a close, a slight misunderstanding between Ignasi Miquel and Lukasz Fabianski nearly saw the hosts equalise but the goalkeeper recovered his composure in time to deny Boaz Solossa.

With Wenger making five changes at the break, the already-tame pace of the game slowed further. However, Gnabry continued to shine and a quick break down the left flank saw him skip past a weak challenge and whip a low cross into the path of Akpom to double Arsenal's advantage after 53 minutes.

Podolski and Giroud were brought on with 20 minutes remaining in an attempt to liven up proceedings and it worked. Within two minute of his introduction, the Frenchman was fed inside the area by fellow second-half substitute Bacary Sagna to beat Meiga with the outside of his boot.

A further two minutes later, the two combined again as Giroud took his time to control the ball and flash a shot high into the roof of the net.

The goals just kept on coming as Tomas Rosicky combined neatly with Podolski for the latter to drill home from the edge of the area before the Czech's fine, hanging cross towards the back post saw Meiga clutching air and allowed Olsson to simply poke the ball into the back of the net.

And, to put a flattering look on the scoreline, Eisfeld pounced on Giroud's header down to hammer the ball off the inside of the bar for Arsenal's seventh.

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Colorful mushrooms

The role of fungi in nature and in the human economy can hardly be overestimated. Fungi are present in all biological niches - in water and on land, in the soil and on various other substrates.Very large biological and ecological diversity of fungi. This is one of the largest and most diverse groups of living organisms, which has become an integral part of all aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. According to the current estimates, the world exists from 100 to 250,000, and by some estimates up to 1.5 million species of fungi.



Mlechnik blue (Lactarius indigo). Fairly common type of fungus grows in the eastern part of North America, East Asia and Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The color varies from dark blue in fresh mushrooms to a pale blue-gray of old. Milk, which highlights the fungus if it is cut or broken, too blue. Cap is 5-15 cm, leg - 2-8 cm in height and 1-2.5 cm in thickness. Edible mushroom and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China. Panellyus kind Panellus stipticus. A common view is growing in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. It grows in groups on logs, stumps and trunks of deciduous trees, especially on oaks, beeches and birches. This is one of the bioluminescent mushroom species, although this species of fungi of the regions of the Pacific Ocean North America, no. Drozhalka orange (Tremella mesenterica). This fungus usually grows on dead trees, but also to the newly fallen branches. Gelatinous orange-yellow body of the fungus (up to 7.5 cm in diameter) has a winding surface, which in the rain becomes sticky and slippery. The fungus grows in the cracks of the bark, appearing in the rain. After several days of rain it dries and turns into a thin film or wrinkled mass capable of newly regenerated after rain. This fungus is commonly found in mixed forests and distributed in temperate and tropical regions, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Mushroom is edible, although it is considered tasteless. This fungus produces carbohydrates that have value for research.Rodotus (Rhodotus palmatus). This fungus - the only member of the genus in the family Physalacriaceae. Not very common. The fungus collected in eastern North America, North Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe, the number of fungi falling rapidly, so rodotusa brought in the Red book. Usually grows on decaying logs and stumps of trees hard. Mature mushrooms differ pinkish color and the characteristic "venoobraznoy" surface. Klavariya pale brown (Clavaria zollingeri). Widespread species of fungi. He has a tube-shaped purple or pinkish-lavender body, growing to 10 inches tall and 7 inches wide. The tips of the fragile and thin branches usually rounded and brownish. This saprobity species of mushroom, it absorbs nutrients by breaking down organic matter. Usually grows on the ground. Zvezdovik sacciform (Geastrum saccatum). It grows in North America and Europe on rotting trees.Mushroom pickers find it inedible due to its roller coaster of taste. Fairly common type, peak picking is at the end of the summer. It is believed that the hole on the outer layer of the body has a star-shaped mushroom picking due to calcium oxalate crystals in front of the opening. In Brazil, the fungus is called "Star of the earth". Trutovik Scale (Polyporus squamosus). Widespread species of fungus growing in North America, Australia, Asia and Europe. It causes white rot on the hardwood. Alternative name of the fungus - the seat of Dryads - refers to the Greek mythology and the Dryads, who supposedly could ride these mushrooms. Aseroe rubra. The so-called sea anemone and widely recognizable due to its unpleasant smell of rot and starfish-shaped. Growing in the gardens of the forest floor and in the grassy areas, like the red star, covered with brownish mucus, and has a white leg.Attracts flies. mushroom coral (Clavulinopsis corallinorosacea). The fungus is so called because of the similarity with sea corals. These mushrooms have a bright color, mostly orange, yellow or red. Usually they grow older lesah.odni coral saprotrophic fungi and other symbiotic or parasitic. Raincoat Brown (Lycoperdon umbrinum).This type of fungus is growing in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms have an open cap with spores. Instead, the arguments appear inside the body of the ball. Ripening, spores form Hleb in the center of the body, which has a characteristic color and texture. Tsezarsky mushroom (Amanita caesarea). Very valuable edible fungus, which grows in southern Europe and North America. For the first time this fungus is described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772. His loved the rulers of the Roman Empire. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow spore-bearing plate and the leg. This fungus is very much appreciated by the Romans, who called it Boletus.Mycena interrupta. This fungus grows in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and New Caledonia. In Australia, growing in Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales and South Australia, and in Queensland, but only at The National Park Lamington. Pileus is 0.6-2 cm, and they have a bright blue color. When they appear, they have a spherical shape, but as they mature become wider. Hats sticky and slimy-looking, especially in the rain. Ksantor elegant (Xanthoria elegans). This fungus grows on rocks, often near the bird perches or mink rodents. By the nature of this lichen. He became one of the first lichens used in the method of dating rock surfaces, known as lihenometriya. Growing at a rate of 0.5 mm per year during the first century, and then a little slow its growth. conical Morel (Morchella conica). Edible mushroom in the upper part resembling a honeycomb. It consists of a network of undulated strips with voids therebetween. Very appreciated by gourmets, especially in French cuisine. The fungus is very popular with mushroom hunters not only from a commercial point of view, but also because of the pleasant taste. agaric red (Amanita muscaria). All known amanita - poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus. It grows in the Northern Hemisphere, but also was introduced in the country of the southern hemisphere, first as a symbiont in the coniferous forests, and later as a full species. Red hat with white dots - who is not known mushroom? It is one of the most recognizable of fungi in the world. Although considered poisonous fly agaric, Amanita muscaria confirmed cases of poisoning is not, and in some parts of Europe, Asia and North America, and did eat him after blanching. Amanita has hallucinogenic properties, its main psychoactive component - is muscimol. Some peoples of Siberia are using it as an entheogen, and he has a great religious significance in these cultures.

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10 Lesser-Known But Important Human Senses

Most people think that there are only five senses—but others who are in the know actually put the number at twenty-one. So when someone tells you that they have a sixth sense, they are most likely correct—though it doesn’t necessarily mean they can see the future.

Our extensive range of senses is often quite surprising to people, until they realize that they use them every day without thinking about it. Many of the human senses that we take for granted are incredibly important to our regular function—as you’ll see:

10

Sense of Fullness

When you’ve had enough to eat and drink, your body always seems to let you know. It turns out that this is a separate sense within your body, involving its own cluster of sensory receptors that tell you when you need to stop eating. Some of these are stretch receptors, which let you know that your stomach is becoming full.

The stomach also sends your brain certain signals as the food is digested—which means that if you eat your food slowly, you’ll feel more full than if you ate the same amount in a shorter period of time. Your brain basically needs time to catch up with what your body is doing.

9

Thermoception

This one might not be too surprising—but it’s important to note that your sense of hot and cold is not just part of your sense of touch, but in fact aseparate sense of its own.

Our thermo-receptors detect both hot and cold, among other things letting our bodies adjust to temperature change in our environment. The thermo-receptor signals are delivered via the spinal cord, and eventually reach the thalamus, where they inform us of what we need to know.

8

Sense of Oxygen Levels

The purpose of “peripheral chemoreceptors” is to keep an eye on the blood in your arteries, monitoring the oxygen level, as well as the amount of carbon dioxide and the ph level. This alerts your body when the levels of carbon dioxide are too high, thereby allowing you to exhale at the correct rate. Additionally, your body has receptors which tell you how full your lungs are, so that your brain knows when to stop breathing in.

7

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

The “Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone” basically communicates with drugs or hormones that are carried through your body via the bloodstream; besides this, it also tells your body when to throw up.

If this sense is damaged, it can lead to regular, uncontrollable vomiting, or sometimes a complete loss of the ability to vomit. Such damage usually occurs as the result of a stroke.

6

Magnetoreception

Did you know that your body can potentially figure out your direction, based on its sense of the earth’s magnetic fields? While there remains some debate as to how capable we are of using this sense properly, it would obviously be incredibly useful for navigational purposes if we were able to harness it.

Some people seem to have an uncanny sense of direction, and it seems possible that they might be employing magnetoreception on a more advanced level than the average human. It’s even possible for some people to instantly know which direction they’re facing—North or South—without the use of a compass. This sense is more common and more pronounced among other animals, such as bees, birds, and even cows.

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Vestibular Sense

The vestibular sense is also known as “Equilibrioception”, which sounds suspiciously like a certain mind-bending movie starring Leonardo DiCaprio. It’s more commonly known as a “sense of balance.” As many of us have learned the hard way, the vestibular sense can be severely impeded by drinking large amounts of alcohol.

Your sense of balance is regulated by your inner ear—and though it is part of the system involved in hearing, it is considered to be a separate sense altogether.

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Itching

There is much more to the common annoyance of itching than you might think. For starters, that itch you occasionally have is actually completely separate from your sense from touch, and serves important functions.

While it may seem more like a nuisance than a useful tool, an itch is nonetheless important, since it sends a message to your body that something isn’t entirely right with that part of your skin.Sometimes this skin may be merely dry, and other times there may be microscopic bugs lurking in your hair follicles, which need to be removed through scratching.

Taken simply, an itch is basically a signal from your body to your brain that you need to take a look at the affected area, and find out what’s going on.

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Nociception

Nociception is the sense that allows you to feel pain. Some suggest that this should be lumped in with touch—but though the two are often combined, pain is still an entirely different sensation. Not only that, but some researchers believe that pain should be broken up scientifically into three separate senses, each relating to a different kind of pain: pain located on the skin, pain involving your bones, and pain felt in the organs themselves.

While these are more like subcategories than separate senses, the point is that there is much more to pain than meets the eye. If you didn’t feel pain, you might take risks or put off treating something serious; it’s basically a signal that your body is in trouble.

2

Chronoception

Chronoception is your sense of the passage of time. Most of us have a fairly good perception of time, and younger people are especially accurate in this way.

Part of this sense is governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is what controls our circadian rhythms. Though our ability to perceive the passing of time is on the whole very useful, it can often be fooled—much like any of our other senses. We all have days when we feel that time is passing more slowly or more quickly than it really is.

1

Proprioception

Proprioception is essentially the sense of where your arms and legs are in relation to the rest of your body. This is what the police are testing, when they drag you out of the car for a field sobriety test and make you attempt such things as touching your nose with your finger. We all take this sense for granted every single day—but we would sorely miss it if it were taken from us.

There are rare cases—still largely a mystery to doctors—in which people lose their sense of proprioception. If this happens, the most simple and ordinary tasks—opening a door, picking up a cup, using a pencil—become the most difficult chores. Such people have to carefully watch every movement of their limbs in order to use them successfully.

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12 Last Known Speakers Of A Language

Endangered languages have been in the news recently with the launch in February of UNESCO’s electronic edition of its Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger. According to UNESCO, half of the 6500 languages spoken today are in danger of disappearing before the century ends. Hundreds of languages have already died, some of these long ago and with no fanfare, but sometimes the death of a language is recorded and we know exactly who last spoke it. It is these people I’d like to honor. This list is in no particular order and is not an exhaustive list, but I think it is representative and shows that language death is not restricted to one part of the world. The people below came from all walks of life and, some seemed indifferent or unaware of their status, while others became campaigners and tried to pass their knowledge onto others. It is interesting that many of those in the latter category lived long lives, almost defiantly trying to battle the inevitable.

12

Dolly Pentreath

died 1777

Last known speaker of: traditional Cornish

According to her gravestone, which can still be visited today, Dolly Pentreath was the last known speaker of Cornish. Dolly, who only learned English as an adult and whose last words reportedly were “Me ne vidn cewsel Sawznek!” (“I don’t want to speak English!”), had a fierce reputation and was known for smoking her pipe and using profane language. Some thought her to be a witch. There is some controversy as to Dolly’s status as the last known speaker of Cornish, with some arguing that John Davey who died in 1890 should have that honor, others stating that Cornish has never really died out.

Fun Language Fact – Efforts to revive Cornish have been moderately successful and Cornish gained official recognition under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2002, and in 2008 a Standard Written Form was agreed upon.

11

Ned Maddrell

circa 1878 – 1974

Last known speaker of: traditional Manx

As with Dolly Pentreath, there is some controversy as to Ned Madrell’s status, however he deserves credit for the role he played in linguistic preservation. Ned, a fisherman from Cregneash, travelled far and wide but spent his last decades on The Isle of Man teaching younger revivalists and recording his conversations to preserve the language. He is remembered as being a cheerful man who was proud of his minor celebrity status.

Fun Language Fact – There have been efforts to revive Manx since Ned Madrell’s death and there is now a primary school, Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, where children are taught solely in Manx.

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Tevfik Esenç

1904 – 1992

Last known speaker of: the Ubykh language

The Ubykh language is a North Caucasian language originally spoken along the shores of the Black Sea until its speakers were forced out by the Russians. They eventually settled in Turkey, and it was there that language died. Tevkik Esenc was an intelligent man who spoke several languages and he worked with linguistics to record the language as he was well aware of his status as the last speaker. Some of these recordings are available on Youtube.

Fun Language Fact – Ubykh was in the Guinness Book of Records for being the language with the most number of consonants.

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Alf Palmer

circa 1891 – 1981

Last known speaker of: Warrunga

Little is known about Alf Palmer or Jinbilnggay as he was known in his native language. He was born and died in Townsville, Queensland, Australia and, like many on this list, was keen to play his role in trying to preserve the language. He worked with linguists from Japan and Australia and proved inspirational in alerting linguists to language loss. He is pictured on the left above.

Fun Fact – These very linguists returned to Townsville a few years ago and are working with Alf Palmer’s descendants in attempts to revive the language.

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Fidelia Fielding

1827 – 1908

Last known speaker of: the Mohegan Pequot Language

Fidelia Fielding or as she called herself Dji’ts Bud dnaca (Flying Bird) is remembered as being something of a loner who kept to herself. However she should not be dismissed and she is an important and respected figure in the history of the Mohegan people. She was one of the last people to live the traditional Mohegan lifestyle and she mentored Mohegan anthropologist Gladys Tantaquidgeon. After her death, four of her diaries were found. These are now housed in the Museum of the American Indian in New York City and have been studied in efforts to revive the language.

Fun Fact – On May 24, 1936, an estimated 1,000 people gathered at the Ancient Burial Grounds of the Mohegans, Fort Shantok State Park in Montville, to pay tribute to “Flying Bird”.

7

Tuone Udaina

died 1898

Last known speaker of: Dalmatian

Tuane Udaina was not actually a native speaker of Dalmatian. He picked it up from secretly listening to his parents’ private conversations. Despite this, and the fact that he was deaf and had not spoken the language for 20 years, he was approached by linguist Matteo Bartoli in 1897 to try to record the language. Previous documentation of the language dated from the 13th – 16th century. Sadly, Bartoli’s original work (in Italian) was lost, existing only in a German translation, until 2001 when it was re-translated into Italian. Udaina himself also met an unfortunate end, being blown up by a landmine on 10th June 1898.

Fun Language Fact – Dalmatian, a Romance language with some similarities to Romanian, was spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, with each town having its own different dialect of the language.

6

Big Bill Neidjie

circa 1920 – 2002

Last known speaker of: the Gagudju language

Big Bill Neidjie was always something of a local legend. He was born on the East Alligator River in Northern Territory, Australia. He had a traditional upbringing and was taught to hunt by his father and grandfather. He was known throughout for his physical strength and physique as well as for his commitment to conservation issues and the rights of indigenous Australians. His fame grew when he was featured in National Geographic Magazine in 1988 and he was awarded the Order of Australia in 1989.

Fun Language Fact – Like a number of indigenous Australian languages, in Gagudju it was taboo to discuss traditional secrets, passed from generation to generation, with outsiders. When Bill became aware of his fate, he faced the dilemma of breaking taboo or letting his culture die completely. He chose to break taboo and pass the secrets on to a select number of people.

5

Shanawdithit

1801-1829

Last known speaker of: the Beothuk language (and last member of the Beothuk)

Considered one of the most notable people from Newfoundland, Shanawdithit had quite a sad short life. Having lost most of her family either to TB or attacks from the British, who regarded her people as thieves, she spent the last few years of life working as a servant before also dying of TB. Shanawdithit was taught some English by the philanthropist William Epps Cormack, in whose house she spent some time. She proved talented at drawing, and it is through these that we know about the lifestyle of the Beothuk. There is a sad postscript to her life, her skull was taken to the Royal College of Physicians in London, where it remained until it was given to the Royal College of Surgeons in 1938. Unfortunately, her skull was destroyed and lost during the Blitz. The rest of her remains are buried in St John’s, Newfoundland.

Fun Language Fact – There is debate as to whether Beothuk is a language isolate, unlike any other, or whether it is related to Algonquian languages spoken in Quebec and Labrador.

4

Armand Lunel

1892 -1977

Last known speaker of: Shuadit (Judeo-Provençal)

Writer, librettist, philosopher and teacher, Lunel was born in Aix-en-Provence, France, where his family had lived for centuries, but later moved to Monaco. His writings were in French and he wrote about everyday Jewish life in Provence. 1968, a recording was made of Lunel singing in his language but he died before another recording could be made.

Fun Language Facts – The origins of Judeo Provencal are something of a mystery to linguists, documents in the language go back to the 11th century. Its use declined rapidly after the French Revolution.

3

Ishi

1860 – 1916

Last known speaker of: the Yana language (and last member of the Yahi)

Of all the things we know about Ishi, his name isn’t one of them. Ishi is simply a pseudonym meaning “man” in Yana, the language of the Yahi. It was considered taboo in in Yahi society to say ones own name, so Ishi’s real name died with him. His story – that he went into hiding after his family was killed, before being found by a group of butchers- has continued to intrigue. Documentaries, films and stage plays have all been made about him and many aspects of his life are still contested. Sadly, Ishi did not have the long life that others on this list have enjoyed, dying of tuberculosis in 1916.

Fun Language Fact – Thanks to linguist Edward Sapir, who worked with Ishi, Yana is relatively well documented compared to other extinct American languages.

2

Marie Smith Jones

1918 – 2008

Last known speaker of: Eyak

When Marie Smith Jones died early last year she received obituaries from respected sources all round the world, perhaps indicating that language death is not just an interest of a few linguists. Smith, the last full-blooded Eyak, only really became politically active after the death of her sister in the 1990s made her the last speaker. She had declined to teach her children the language because of social stigma attached to it. However in her later years, she helped work on an Eyak dictionary, became active in environmental concerns and twice spoke at United Nations on peace and indigenous languages.

Fun Language Fact – Eyak was originally spoken near the mouth of the copper river in Alaska. It has now become a symbol in the fight against language death. It is the first known native Alaskan language to become extinct.

1

Soma Devi Dura

circa 1926

Last known speaker of: Dura

Coincidentally, mere days before Marie Smith Jones died, British news sources made us aware of the plight of 82-year old Soma Devi Dura, the last know speaker of the Dura language of Nepal. Soma Devi Dura is partially blind, deaf and in failing health but is described as being a rich source of songs and folklore in the Dura tongue. Kedar Nagila, who is studying for a PhD in Nepalese languages has been working with Dura and trying to get her medical help. As of April 2008, Dura was still alive, but news of her since then has dried up.

  Language Fact – Dura is one of over 120 languages spoken in Nepal, but due to a “one-nation, one-language” policy instituted by the Shah

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